Processing math: 100%

Orientation XYZ

Symmetry Operations

In the D2h Point Group, with orientation XYZ there are the following symmetry operations

Operator Orientation
E {0,0,0} ,
C2 {0,0,1} ,
C2 {0,1,0} ,
C2 {1,0,0} ,
i {0,0,0} ,
σh {0,0,1} ,
σh {0,1,0} ,
σh {1,0,0} ,

Different Settings

Character Table

E(1) C2(1) C2(1) C2(1) i(1) σh(1) σh(1) σh(1)
Ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B1g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B2g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B3g 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Au 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B1u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B2u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
B3u 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Product Table

Ag B1g B2g B3g Au B1u B2u B3u
Ag Ag B1g B2g B3g Au B1u B2u B3u
B1g B1g Ag B3g B2g B1u Au B3u B2u
B2g B2g B3g Ag B1g B2u B3u Au B1u
B3g B3g B2g B1g Ag B3u B2u B1u Au
Au Au B1u B2u B3u Ag B1g B2g B3g
B1u B1u Au B3u B2u B1g Ag B3g B2g
B2u B2u B3u Au B1u B2g B3g Ag B1g
B3u B3u B2u B1u Au B3g B2g B1g Ag

Sub Groups with compatible settings

Super Groups with compatible settings

Invariant Potential expanded on renormalized spherical Harmonics

Any potential (function) can be written as a sum over spherical harmonics. V(r,θ,ϕ)=k=0km=kAk,m(r)C(m)k(θ,ϕ) Here Ak,m(r) is a radial function and C(m)k(θ,ϕ) a renormalised spherical harmonics. C(m)k(θ,ϕ)=4π2k+1Y(m)k(θ,ϕ) The presence of symmetry induces relations between the expansion coefficients such that V(r,θ,ϕ) is invariant under all symmetry operations. For the D2h Point group with orientation XYZ the form of the expansion coefficients is:

Expansion

Ak,m={A(0,0)k=0m=0A(2,2)k=2(m=2m=2)A(2,0)k=2m=0A(4,4)k=4(m=4m=4)A(4,2)k=4(m=2m=2)A(4,0)k=4m=0A(6,6)k=6(m=6m=6)A(6,4)k=6(m=4m=4)A(6,2)k=6(m=2m=2)A(6,0)k=6m=0

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{A[0, 0], k == 0 && m == 0}, {A[2, 2], k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {A[2, 0], k == 2 && m == 0}, {A[4, 4], k == 4 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {A[4, 2], k == 4 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {A[4, 0], k == 4 && m == 0}, {A[6, 6], k == 6 && (m == -6 || m == 6)}, {A[6, 4], k == 6 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {A[6, 2], k == 6 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {A[6, 0], k == 6 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{0, 0, A(0,0)} , 
       {2, 0, A(2,0)} , 
       {2,-2, A(2,2)} , 
       {2, 2, A(2,2)} , 
       {4, 0, A(4,0)} , 
       {4,-2, A(4,2)} , 
       {4, 2, A(4,2)} , 
       {4,-4, A(4,4)} , 
       {4, 4, A(4,4)} , 
       {6, 0, A(6,0)} , 
       {6,-2, A(6,2)} , 
       {6, 2, A(6,2)} , 
       {6,-4, A(6,4)} , 
       {6, 4, A(6,4)} , 
       {6,-6, A(6,6)} , 
       {6, 6, A(6,6)} }

One particle coupling on a basis of spherical harmonics

The operator representing the potential in second quantisation is given as: O=n,l,m,n,l,mψn,l,m(r,θ,ϕ)|V(r,θ,ϕ)|ψn,l,m(r,θ,ϕ)an,l,man,l,m For the quantisation of the wave-function (physical meaning of the indices n,l,m) we can choose a basis of spherical harmonics times some radial function, i.e. ψn,l,m(r,θ,ϕ)=Rn,l(r)Y(l)m(θ,ϕ). With this choice the integral for the expectation value in front of the creation and annihilation operators separates into a radial part and angular part. The angular part has an analytical solution, the radial integral is cast int a parameter. Anl,nl(k,m)=Rn,l|Ak,m(r)|Rn,l Note the difference between the function Ak,m and the parameter Anl,nl(k,m)

we can express the operator as O=n,l,m,n,l,m,k,mAnl,nl(k,m)Y(m)l(θ,ϕ)|C(m)k(θ,ϕ)|Y(m)l(θ,ϕ)an,l,man,l,m

The table below shows the expectation value of O on a basis of spherical harmonics. We suppressed the principle quantum number indices. Note that in principle Al,l(k,m) can be complex. Instead of allowing complex parameters we took Al,l(k,m)+IBl,l(k,m) (with both A and B real) as the expansion parameter.

Y(0)0 Y(1)1 Y(1)0 Y(1)1 Y(2)2 Y(2)1 Y(2)0 Y(2)1 Y(2)2 Y(3)3 Y(3)2 Y(3)1 Y(3)0 Y(3)1 Y(3)2 Y(3)3
Y(0)0Ass(0,0)000Asd(2,2)50Asd(2,0)50Asd(2,2)50000000
Y(1)10App(0,0)15App(2,0)0156App(2,2)000003Apf(2,2)35Apf(4,2)32103527Apf(2,0)1327Apf(4,0)01537Apf(2,2)1357Apf(4,2)02Apf(4,4)33
Y(1)000App(0,0)+25App(2,0)0000000335Apf(2,2)+2Apf(4,2)3703537Apf(2,0)+4Apf(4,0)3210335Apf(2,2)+2Apf(4,2)370
Y(1)10156App(2,2)0App(0,0)15App(2,0)000002Apf(4,4)3301537Apf(2,2)1357Apf(4,2)03527Apf(2,0)1327Apf(4,0)03Apf(2,2)35Apf(4,2)321
Y(2)2Asd(2,2)5000Add(0,0)27Add(2,0)+121Add(4,0)01753Add(4,2)27Add(2,2)013107Add(4,4)0000000
Y(2)100000Add(0,0)+17Add(2,0)421Add(4,0)0176Add(2,2)22110Add(4,2)00000000
Y(2)0Asd(2,0)50001753Add(4,2)27Add(2,2)0Add(0,0)+27Add(2,0)+27Add(4,0)01753Add(4,2)27Add(2,2)0000000
Y(2)100000176Add(2,2)22110Add(4,2)0Add(0,0)+17Add(2,0)421Add(4,0)00000000
Y(2)2Asd(2,2)500013107Add(4,4)01753Add(4,2)27Add(2,2)0Add(0,0)27Add(2,0)+121Add(4,0)0000000
Y(3)303Apf(2,2)35Apf(4,2)32102Apf(4,4)3300000Aff(0,0)13Aff(2,0)+111Aff(4,0)5429Aff(6,0)01325Aff(2,2)+1116Aff(4,2)104297Aff(6,2)0111143Aff(4,4)5143703Aff(6,4)01013733Aff(6,6)
Y(3)200335Apf(2,2)+2Apf(4,2)370000000Aff(0,0)733Aff(4,0)+10143Aff(6,0)02Aff(2,2)35Aff(4,2)113+2042914Aff(6,2)013370Aff(4,4)+1014314Aff(6,4)0
Y(3)103527Apf(2,0)1327Apf(4,0)01537Apf(2,2)1357Apf(4,2)000001325Aff(2,2)+1116Aff(4,2)104297Aff(6,2)0Aff(0,0)+15Aff(2,0)+133Aff(4,0)25143Aff(6,0)02523Aff(2,2)23310Aff(4,2)10143353Aff(6,2)0111143Aff(4,4)5143703Aff(6,4)
Y(3)0003537Apf(2,0)+4Apf(4,0)32100000002Aff(2,2)35Aff(4,2)113+2042914Aff(6,2)0Aff(0,0)+415Aff(2,0)+211Aff(4,0)+100429Aff(6,0)02Aff(2,2)35Aff(4,2)113+2042914Aff(6,2)0
Y(3)101537Apf(2,2)1357Apf(4,2)03527Apf(2,0)1327Apf(4,0)00000111143Aff(4,4)5143703Aff(6,4)02523Aff(2,2)23310Aff(4,2)10143353Aff(6,2)0Aff(0,0)+15Aff(2,0)+133Aff(4,0)25143Aff(6,0)01325Aff(2,2)+1116Aff(4,2)104297Aff(6,2)
Y(3)200335Apf(2,2)+2Apf(4,2)37000000013370Aff(4,4)+1014314Aff(6,4)02Aff(2,2)35Aff(4,2)113+2042914Aff(6,2)0Aff(0,0)733Aff(4,0)+10143Aff(6,0)0
Y(3)302Apf(4,4)3303Apf(2,2)35Apf(4,2)321000001013733Aff(6,6)0111143Aff(4,4)5143703Aff(6,4)01325Aff(2,2)+1116Aff(4,2)104297Aff(6,2)0Aff(0,0)13Aff(2,0)+111Aff(4,0)5429Aff(6,0)

Rotation matrix to symmetry adapted functions (choice is not unique)

Instead of a basis of spherical harmonics one can chose any other basis, which is given by a unitary transformation. Here we choose a rotation that simplifies the representation of the crystal field

Y(0)0 Y(1)1 Y(1)0 Y(1)1 Y(2)2 Y(2)1 Y(2)0 Y(2)1 Y(2)2 Y(3)3 Y(3)2 Y(3)1 Y(3)0 Y(3)1 Y(3)2 Y(3)3
s1000000000000000
px012012000000000000
py0i20i2000000000000
pz0010000000000000
dx2y2000012000120000000
d3z2r20000001000000000
dyz00000i20i200000000
dxz000001201200000000
dxy0000i2000i20000000
fxyz0000000000i2000i20
fx(5x2r2)00000000054034034054
fy(5y2r2)000000000i540i340i340i54
fz(5z2r2)0000000000001000
fx(y2z2)00000000034054054034
fy(z2x2)000000000i340i540i540i34
fz(x2y2)000000000012000120

One particle coupling on a basis of symmetry adapted functions

After rotation we find

s px py pz dx2y2 d3z2r2 dyz dxz dxy fxyz fx(5x2r2) fy(5y2r2) fz(5z2r2) fx(y2z2) fy(z2x2) fz(x2y2)
sAss(0,0)00025Asd(2,2)Asd(2,0)50000000000
px0App(0,0)15App(2,0)+156App(2,2)0000000031037Apf(2,0)+9Apf(2,2)514+Apf(4,0)221131021Apf(4,2)+1356Apf(4,4)003Apf(2,0)235370Apf(2,2)+1657Apf(4,0)1327Apf(4,2)Apf(4,4)3200
py00App(0,0)15App(2,0)156App(2,2)0000000031037Apf(2,0)9Apf(2,2)514+Apf(4,0)221+131021Apf(4,2)+1356Apf(4,4)003Apf(2,0)235370Apf(2,2)1657Apf(4,0)1327Apf(4,2)+Apf(4,4)320
pz000App(0,0)+25App(2,0)000000003537Apf(2,0)+4Apf(4,0)32100635Apf(2,2)+2327Apf(4,2)
dx2y225Asd(2,2)000Add(0,0)27Add(2,0)+121Add(4,0)+13107Add(4,4)17103Add(4,2)272Add(2,2)0000000000
d3z2r2Asd(2,0)500017103Add(4,2)272Add(2,2)Add(0,0)+27Add(2,0)+27Add(4,0)0000000000
dyz000000Add(0,0)+17Add(2,0)176Add(2,2)421Add(4,0)22110Add(4,2)000000000
dxz0000000Add(0,0)+17Add(2,0)+176Add(2,2)421Add(4,0)+22110Add(4,2)00000000
dxy00000000Add(0,0)27Add(2,0)+121Add(4,0)13107Add(4,4)0000000
fxyz000000000Aff(0,0)733Aff(4,0)13370Aff(4,4)+10143Aff(6,0)1014314Aff(6,4)000000
fx(5x2r2)031037Apf(2,0)+9Apf(2,2)514+Apf(4,0)221131021Apf(4,2)+1356Apf(4,4)00000000Aff(0,0)215Aff(2,0)+2523Aff(2,2)+344Aff(4,0)11152Aff(4,2)+122352Aff(4,4)125Aff(6,0)1716+25572353Aff(6,2)2528672Aff(6,4)+2552733Aff(6,6)00Aff(2,0)15+1325Aff(2,2)14453Aff(4,0)+Aff(4,2)116+12276Aff(4,4)3557253Aff(6,0)+857Aff(6,2)17165286356Aff(6,4)5523511Aff(6,6)00
fy(5y2r2)0031037Apf(2,0)9Apf(2,2)514+Apf(4,0)221+131021Apf(4,2)+1356Apf(4,4)00000000Aff(0,0)215Aff(2,0)2523Aff(2,2)+344Aff(4,0)+11152Aff(4,2)+122352Aff(4,4)125Aff(6,0)171625572353Aff(6,2)2528672Aff(6,4)2552733Aff(6,6)00Aff(2,0)15+1325Aff(2,2)+14453Aff(4,0)+Aff(4,2)11612276Aff(4,4)+3557253Aff(6,0)+857Aff(6,2)1716+5286356Aff(6,4)5523511Aff(6,6)0
fz(5z2r2)0003537Apf(2,0)+4Apf(4,0)32100000000Aff(0,0)+415Aff(2,0)+211Aff(4,0)+100429Aff(6,0)002325Aff(2,2)11123Aff(4,2)+404297Aff(6,2)
fx(y2z2)03Apf(2,0)235370Apf(2,2)+1657Apf(4,0)1327Apf(4,2)Apf(4,4)3200000000Aff(2,0)15+1325Aff(2,2)14453Aff(4,0)+Aff(4,2)116+12276Aff(4,4)3557253Aff(6,0)+857Aff(6,2)17165286356Aff(6,4)5523511Aff(6,6)00Aff(0,0)+7132Aff(4,0)+73352Aff(4,2)122352Aff(4,4)544Aff(6,0)+5572105Aff(6,2)+2528672Aff(6,4)+5522111Aff(6,6)00
fy(z2x2)003Apf(2,0)235370Apf(2,2)1657Apf(4,0)1327Apf(4,2)+Apf(4,4)3200000000Aff(2,0)15+1325Aff(2,2)+14453Aff(4,0)+Aff(4,2)11612276Aff(4,4)+3557253Aff(6,0)+857Aff(6,2)1716+5286356Aff(6,4)5523511Aff(6,6)00Aff(0,0)+7132Aff(4,0)73352Aff(4,2)122352Aff(4,4)544Aff(6,0)5572105Aff(6,2)+2528672Aff(6,4)5522111Aff(6,6)0
fz(x2y2)000635Apf(2,2)+2327Apf(4,2)000000002325Aff(2,2)11123Aff(4,2)+404297Aff(6,2)00Aff(0,0)733Aff(4,0)+13370Aff(4,4)+10143Aff(6,0)+1014314Aff(6,4)

Coupling for a single shell

Although the parameters Al,l(k,m) uniquely define the potential, there is no simple relation between these paramters and the eigenstates of the potential. In this section we replace the parameters Al,l(k,m) by paramters that relate to the eigen energies of the potential acting on or between two shells with angular momentum l and l.

Click on one of the subsections to expand it or

Potential for s orbitals

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={Ea1gk=0m=00True

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{Ea1g, k == 0 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{0, 0, Ea1g} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(0)0
Y(0)0Ea1g

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

s
sEa1g

Rotation matrix used

Rotation matrix used

Y(0)0
s1

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Ea1g
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 12π
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 12π

Potential for p orbitals

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={13(Eb1u+Eb2u+Eb3u)k=0m=05(Eb2uEb3u)26k=2(m=2m=2)56(2Eb1uEb2uEb3u)k=2m=0

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{(Eb1u + Eb2u + Eb3u)/3, k == 0 && m == 0}, {(-5*(Eb2u - Eb3u))/(2*Sqrt[6]), k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(5*(2*Eb1u - Eb2u - Eb3u))/6, k == 2 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{0, 0, (1/3)*(Eb1u + Eb2u + Eb3u)} , 
       {2, 0, (5/6)*((2)*(Eb1u) + (-1)*(Eb2u) + (-1)*(Eb3u))} , 
       {2,-2, (-5/2)*((1/(sqrt(6)))*(Eb2u + (-1)*(Eb3u)))} , 
       {2, 2, (-5/2)*((1/(sqrt(6)))*(Eb2u + (-1)*(Eb3u)))} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(1)1 Y(1)0 Y(1)1
Y(1)1Eb2u+Eb3u20Eb2uEb3u2
Y(1)00Eb1u0
Y(1)1Eb2uEb3u20Eb2u+Eb3u2

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

px py pz
pxEb3u00
py0Eb2u0
pz00Eb1u

Rotation matrix used

Rotation matrix used

Y(1)1 Y(1)0 Y(1)1
px12012
pyi20i2
pz010

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Eb3u
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 123πsin(θ)cos(ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 123πx
Eb2u
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 123πsin(θ)sin(ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 123πy
Eb1u
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 123πcos(θ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 123πz

Potential for d orbitals

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={15(Eagx2y2+Eagz2+Eb1g+Eb2g+Eb3g)k=0m=014(6Eb2g6Eb3g42Mag)k=2(m=2m=2)12(2Eagx2y2+2Eagz22Eb1g+Eb2g+Eb3g)k=2m=032710(Eagx2y2Eb1g)k=4(m=4m=4)3(Eb2gEb3g+3Mag)10k=4(m=2m=2)310(Eagx2y2+6Eagz2+Eb1g4Eb2g4Eb3g)k=4m=0

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{(Eagx2y2 + Eagz2 + Eb1g + Eb2g + Eb3g)/5, k == 0 && m == 0}, {(Sqrt[6]*Eb2g - Sqrt[6]*Eb3g - 4*Sqrt[2]*Mag)/4, k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(-2*Eagx2y2 + 2*Eagz2 - 2*Eb1g + Eb2g + Eb3g)/2, k == 2 && m == 0}, {(3*Sqrt[7/10]*(Eagx2y2 - Eb1g))/2, k == 4 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {(3*(Eb2g - Eb3g + Sqrt[3]*Mag))/Sqrt[10], k == 4 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(3*(Eagx2y2 + 6*Eagz2 + Eb1g - 4*Eb2g - 4*Eb3g))/10, k == 4 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{0, 0, (1/5)*(Eagx2y2 + Eagz2 + Eb1g + Eb2g + Eb3g)} , 
       {2, 0, (1/2)*((-2)*(Eagx2y2) + (2)*(Eagz2) + (-2)*(Eb1g) + Eb2g + Eb3g)} , 
       {2,-2, (1/4)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb2g) + (-1)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb3g)) + (-4)*((sqrt(2))*(Mag)))} , 
       {2, 2, (1/4)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb2g) + (-1)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb3g)) + (-4)*((sqrt(2))*(Mag)))} , 
       {4, 0, (3/10)*(Eagx2y2 + (6)*(Eagz2) + Eb1g + (-4)*(Eb2g) + (-4)*(Eb3g))} , 
       {4,-2, (3)*((1/(sqrt(10)))*(Eb2g + (-1)*(Eb3g) + (sqrt(3))*(Mag)))} , 
       {4, 2, (3)*((1/(sqrt(10)))*(Eb2g + (-1)*(Eb3g) + (sqrt(3))*(Mag)))} , 
       {4,-4, (3/2)*((sqrt(7/10))*(Eagx2y2 + (-1)*(Eb1g)))} , 
       {4, 4, (3/2)*((sqrt(7/10))*(Eagx2y2 + (-1)*(Eb1g)))} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(2)2 Y(2)1 Y(2)0 Y(2)1 Y(2)2
Y(2)2Eagx2y2+Eb1g20Mag20Eagx2y2Eb1g2
Y(2)10Eb2g+Eb3g20Eb3gEb2g20
Y(2)0Mag20Eagz20Mag2
Y(2)10Eb3gEb2g20Eb2g+Eb3g20
Y(2)2Eagx2y2Eb1g20Mag20Eagx2y2+Eb1g2

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

dx2y2 d3z2r2 dyz dxz dxy
dx2y2Eagx2y2Mag000
d3z2r2MagEagz2000
dyz00Eb3g00
dxz000Eb2g0
dxy0000Eb1g

Rotation matrix used

Rotation matrix used

Y(2)2 Y(2)1 Y(2)0 Y(2)1 Y(2)2
dx2y21200012
d3z2r200100
dyz0i20i20
dxz0120120
dxyi2000i2

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Eagx2y2
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1415πsin2(θ)cos(2ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1415π(x2y2)
Eagz2
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 185π(3cos(2θ)+1)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 145π(3z21)
Eb3g
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1415πsin(2θ)sin(ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1215πyz
Eb2g
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1415πsin(2θ)cos(ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1215πxz
Eb1g
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1415πsin2(θ)sin(2ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1215πxy

Potential for f orbitals

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={17(Eau+Eb1u1+Eb1u2+Eb2u1+Eb2u2+Eb3u1+Eb3u2)k=0m=0528(6Eb2u1+6Eb3u1+10(2Mb1u+Mb2u+Mb3u))k=2(m=2m=2)514(2Eb1u1Eb2u1Eb3u115Mb2u+15Mb3u)k=2m=03(45Eau+45Eb1u2+35Eb2u135Eb2u2+35Eb3u135Eb3u223Mb2u+23Mb3u)814k=4(m=4m=4)356(310Eb2u1710Eb2u2310Eb3u1+710Eb3u246Mb1u+26Mb2u+26Mb3u)k=4(m=2m=2)356(28Eau+24Eb1u128Eb1u2+9Eb2u1+7Eb2u2+9Eb3u1+7Eb3u2+215Mb2u215Mb3u)k=4m=013160117(53Eb2u1+33Eb2u253Eb3u133Eb3u2+65Mb2u+65Mb3u)k=6(m=6m=6)13(24Eau24Eb1u2+15Eb2u115Eb2u2+15Eb3u115Eb3u2215Mb2u+215Mb3u)8014k=6(m=4m=4)13(515Eb2u1+315Eb2u2515Eb3u1315Eb3u264Mb1u34Mb2u34Mb3u)1607k=6(m=2m=2)13560(24Eau+80Eb1u1+24Eb1u225Eb2u139Eb2u225Eb3u139Eb3u2+1415Mb2u1415Mb3u)k=6m=0

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{(Eau + Eb1u1 + Eb1u2 + Eb2u1 + Eb2u2 + Eb3u1 + Eb3u2)/7, k == 0 && m == 0}, {(5*(-(Sqrt[6]*Eb2u1) + Sqrt[6]*Eb3u1 + Sqrt[10]*(-2*Mb1u + Mb2u + Mb3u)))/28, k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(5*(2*Eb1u1 - Eb2u1 - Eb3u1 - Sqrt[15]*Mb2u + Sqrt[15]*Mb3u))/14, k == 2 && m == 0}, {(3*(-4*Sqrt[5]*Eau + 4*Sqrt[5]*Eb1u2 + 3*Sqrt[5]*Eb2u1 - 3*Sqrt[5]*Eb2u2 + 3*Sqrt[5]*Eb3u1 - 3*Sqrt[5]*Eb3u2 - 2*Sqrt[3]*Mb2u + 2*Sqrt[3]*Mb3u))/(8*Sqrt[14]), k == 4 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {(3*(3*Sqrt[10]*Eb2u1 - 7*Sqrt[10]*Eb2u2 - 3*Sqrt[10]*Eb3u1 + 7*Sqrt[10]*Eb3u2 - 4*Sqrt[6]*Mb1u + 2*Sqrt[6]*Mb2u + 2*Sqrt[6]*Mb3u))/56, k == 4 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(3*(-28*Eau + 24*Eb1u1 - 28*Eb1u2 + 9*Eb2u1 + 7*Eb2u2 + 9*Eb3u1 + 7*Eb3u2 + 2*Sqrt[15]*Mb2u - 2*Sqrt[15]*Mb3u))/56, k == 4 && m == 0}, {(-13*Sqrt[11/7]*(5*Sqrt[3]*Eb2u1 + 3*Sqrt[3]*Eb2u2 - 5*Sqrt[3]*Eb3u1 - 3*Sqrt[3]*Eb3u2 + 6*Sqrt[5]*Mb2u + 6*Sqrt[5]*Mb3u))/160, k == 6 && (m == -6 || m == 6)}, {(-13*(24*Eau - 24*Eb1u2 + 15*Eb2u1 - 15*Eb2u2 + 15*Eb3u1 - 15*Eb3u2 - 2*Sqrt[15]*Mb2u + 2*Sqrt[15]*Mb3u))/(80*Sqrt[14]), k == 6 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {(-13*(5*Sqrt[15]*Eb2u1 + 3*Sqrt[15]*Eb2u2 - 5*Sqrt[15]*Eb3u1 - 3*Sqrt[15]*Eb3u2 - 64*Mb1u - 34*Mb2u - 34*Mb3u))/(160*Sqrt[7]), k == 6 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {(13*(24*Eau + 80*Eb1u1 + 24*Eb1u2 - 25*Eb2u1 - 39*Eb2u2 - 25*Eb3u1 - 39*Eb3u2 + 14*Sqrt[15]*Mb2u - 14*Sqrt[15]*Mb3u))/560, k == 6 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{0, 0, (1/7)*(Eau + Eb1u1 + Eb1u2 + Eb2u1 + Eb2u2 + Eb3u1 + Eb3u2)} , 
       {2, 0, (5/14)*((2)*(Eb1u1) + (-1)*(Eb2u1) + (-1)*(Eb3u1) + (-1)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb2u)) + (sqrt(15))*(Mb3u))} , 
       {2,-2, (5/28)*((-1)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb2u1)) + (sqrt(6))*(Eb3u1) + (sqrt(10))*((-2)*(Mb1u) + Mb2u + Mb3u))} , 
       {2, 2, (5/28)*((-1)*((sqrt(6))*(Eb2u1)) + (sqrt(6))*(Eb3u1) + (sqrt(10))*((-2)*(Mb1u) + Mb2u + Mb3u))} , 
       {4, 0, (3/56)*((-28)*(Eau) + (24)*(Eb1u1) + (-28)*(Eb1u2) + (9)*(Eb2u1) + (7)*(Eb2u2) + (9)*(Eb3u1) + (7)*(Eb3u2) + (2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb2u)) + (-2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {4,-2, (3/56)*((3)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb2u1)) + (-7)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb2u2)) + (-3)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb3u1)) + (7)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb3u2)) + (-4)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb1u)) + (2)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {4, 2, (3/56)*((3)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb2u1)) + (-7)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb2u2)) + (-3)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb3u1)) + (7)*((sqrt(10))*(Eb3u2)) + (-4)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb1u)) + (2)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(6))*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {4,-4, (3/8)*((1/(sqrt(14)))*((-4)*((sqrt(5))*(Eau)) + (4)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb1u2)) + (3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb2u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb2u2)) + (3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb3u2)) + (-2)*((sqrt(3))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(3))*(Mb3u))))} , 
       {4, 4, (3/8)*((1/(sqrt(14)))*((-4)*((sqrt(5))*(Eau)) + (4)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb1u2)) + (3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb2u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb2u2)) + (3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(5))*(Eb3u2)) + (-2)*((sqrt(3))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(3))*(Mb3u))))} , 
       {6, 0, (13/560)*((24)*(Eau) + (80)*(Eb1u1) + (24)*(Eb1u2) + (-25)*(Eb2u1) + (-39)*(Eb2u2) + (-25)*(Eb3u1) + (-39)*(Eb3u2) + (14)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb2u)) + (-14)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {6,-2, (-13/160)*((1/(sqrt(7)))*((5)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb2u1)) + (3)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb2u2)) + (-5)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb3u2)) + (-64)*(Mb1u) + (-34)*(Mb2u) + (-34)*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {6, 2, (-13/160)*((1/(sqrt(7)))*((5)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb2u1)) + (3)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb2u2)) + (-5)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(15))*(Eb3u2)) + (-64)*(Mb1u) + (-34)*(Mb2u) + (-34)*(Mb3u)))} , 
       {6,-4, (-13/80)*((1/(sqrt(14)))*((24)*(Eau) + (-24)*(Eb1u2) + (15)*(Eb2u1) + (-15)*(Eb2u2) + (15)*(Eb3u1) + (-15)*(Eb3u2) + (-2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb3u))))} , 
       {6, 4, (-13/80)*((1/(sqrt(14)))*((24)*(Eau) + (-24)*(Eb1u2) + (15)*(Eb2u1) + (-15)*(Eb2u2) + (15)*(Eb3u1) + (-15)*(Eb3u2) + (-2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb2u)) + (2)*((sqrt(15))*(Mb3u))))} , 
       {6,-6, (-13/160)*((sqrt(11/7))*((5)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb2u1)) + (3)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb2u2)) + (-5)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb3u2)) + (6)*((sqrt(5))*(Mb2u)) + (6)*((sqrt(5))*(Mb3u))))} , 
       {6, 6, (-13/160)*((sqrt(11/7))*((5)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb2u1)) + (3)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb2u2)) + (-5)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb3u1)) + (-3)*((sqrt(3))*(Eb3u2)) + (6)*((sqrt(5))*(Mb2u)) + (6)*((sqrt(5))*(Mb3u))))} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(3)3 Y(3)2 Y(3)1 Y(3)0 Y(3)1 Y(3)2 Y(3)3
Y(3)3116(5Eb2u1+3Eb2u2+5Eb3u1+3Eb3u2+215(Mb2uMb3u))0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u215Eb3u1+15Eb3u22(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u2+15Eb3u115Eb3u22Mb2u+2Mb3u)0116(5Eb2u1+3Eb2u25Eb3u13Eb3u2+215(Mb2u+Mb3u))
Y(3)20Eau+Eb1u220Mb1u20Eb1u2Eau20
Y(3)1116(15Eb2u115Eb2u215Eb3u1+15Eb3u22(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(3Eb2u1+5Eb2u2+3Eb3u1+5Eb3u2+215(Mb3uMb2u))0116(3Eb2u1+5Eb2u23Eb3u15Eb3u2215(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u2+15Eb3u115Eb3u22Mb2u+2Mb3u)
Y(3)00Mb1u20Eb1u10Mb1u20
Y(3)1116(15Eb2u115Eb2u2+15Eb3u115Eb3u22Mb2u+2Mb3u)0116(3Eb2u1+5Eb2u23Eb3u15Eb3u2215(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(3Eb2u1+5Eb2u2+3Eb3u1+5Eb3u2+215(Mb3uMb2u))0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u215Eb3u1+15Eb3u22(Mb2u+Mb3u))
Y(3)20Eb1u2Eau20Mb1u20Eau+Eb1u220
Y(3)3116(5Eb2u1+3Eb2u25Eb3u13Eb3u2+215(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u2+15Eb3u115Eb3u22Mb2u+2Mb3u)0116(15Eb2u115Eb2u215Eb3u1+15Eb3u22(Mb2u+Mb3u))0116(5Eb2u1+3Eb2u2+5Eb3u1+3Eb3u2+215(Mb2uMb3u))

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

fxyz fx(5x2r2) fy(5y2r2) fz(5z2r2) fx(y2z2) fy(z2x2) fz(x2y2)
fxyzEau000000
fx(5x2r2)0Eb3u100Mb3u00
fy(5y2r2)00Eb2u100Mb2u0
fz(5z2r2)000Eb1u100Mb1u
fx(y2z2)0Mb3u00Eb3u200
fy(z2x2)00Mb2u00Eb2u20
fz(x2y2)000Mb1u00Eb1u2

Rotation matrix used

Rotation matrix used

Y(3)3 Y(3)2 Y(3)1 Y(3)0 Y(3)1 Y(3)2 Y(3)3
fxyz0i2000i20
fx(5x2r2)54034034054
fy(5y2r2)i540i340i340i54
fz(5z2r2)0001000
fx(y2z2)34054054034
fy(z2x2)i340i540i540i34
fz(x2y2)012000120

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Irriducible representations and their onsite energy

Eau
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 14105πsin2(θ)cos(θ)sin(2ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 12105πxyz
Eb3u1
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1167πsin(θ)cos(ϕ)(10sin2(θ)cos(2ϕ)5cos(2θ)7)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1167πx(5x215y215z2+3)
Eb2u1
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1167πsin(θ)sin(ϕ)(10sin2(θ)cos(2ϕ)+5cos(2θ)+7)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 1167πy(15x2+5y215z2+3)
Eb1u1
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 1167π(3cos(θ)+5cos(3θ))
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 147πz(5z23)
Eb3u2
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 116105πsin(θ)cos(ϕ)(2sin2(θ)cos(2ϕ)+3cos(2θ)+1)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 116105πx(x23y2+5z21)
Eb2u2
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 132105πsin(θ)sin(ϕ)(4sin2(θ)cos(2ϕ)+6cos(2θ)+2)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 116105πy(3x2+y2+5z21)
Eb1u2
ψ(θ,ϕ)=11 14105πsin2(θ)cos(θ)cos(2ϕ)
ψ(ˆx,ˆy,ˆz)=11 14105πz(x2y2)

Coupling between two shells

Click on one of the subsections to expand it or

Potential for s-d orbital mixing

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={0k2(m2m0m2)A(2,2)k=2(m=2m=2)A(2,0)True

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{0, k != 2 || (m != -2 && m != 0 && m != 2)}, {A[2, 2], k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}}, A[2, 0]]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{2, 0, A(2,0)} , 
       {2,-2, A(2,2)} , 
       {2, 2, A(2,2)} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(2)2 Y(2)1 Y(2)0 Y(2)1 Y(2)2
Y(0)0A(2,2)50A(2,0)50A(2,2)5

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

dx2y2 d3z2r2 dyz dxz dxy
s25A(2,2)A(2,0)5000

Potential for p-f orbital mixing

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Potential parameterized with onsite energies of irriducible representations

Ak,m={0k=0m=0A(2,2)k=2(m=2m=2)A(2,0)k=2m=0A(4,4)k=4(m=4m=4)A(4,2)k=4(m=2m=2)A(4,0)k=4m=0

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Input format suitable for Mathematica (Quanty.nb)

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty.nb
Akm[k_,m_]:=Piecewise[{{0, k == 0 && m == 0}, {A[2, 2], k == 2 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {A[2, 0], k == 2 && m == 0}, {A[4, 4], k == 4 && (m == -4 || m == 4)}, {A[4, 2], k == 4 && (m == -2 || m == 2)}, {A[4, 0], k == 4 && m == 0}}, 0]

Input format suitable for Quanty

Input format suitable for Quanty

Akm_D2h_XYZ.Quanty
Akm = {{2, 0, A(2,0)} , 
       {2,-2, A(2,2)} , 
       {2, 2, A(2,2)} , 
       {4, 0, A(4,0)} , 
       {4,-2, A(4,2)} , 
       {4, 2, A(4,2)} , 
       {4,-4, A(4,4)} , 
       {4, 4, A(4,4)} }

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

The Hamiltonian on a basis of spherical Harmonics

Y(3)3 Y(3)2 Y(3)1 Y(3)0 Y(3)1 Y(3)2 Y(3)3
Y(1)13A(2,2)35A(4,2)321011527(9A(2,0)5A(4,0))01105(321A(2,2)535A(4,2))02A(4,4)33
Y(1)00335A(2,2)+2A(4,2)37027A(2,0)+20A(4,0)15210335A(2,2)+2A(4,2)370
Y(1)12A(4,4)3301105(321A(2,2)535A(4,2))011527(9A(2,0)5A(4,0))03A(2,2)35A(4,2)321

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

The Hamiltonian on a basis of symmetric functions

fxyz fx(5x2r2) fy(5y2r2) fz(5z2r2) fx(y2z2) fy(z2x2) fz(x2y2)
px01630(2721A(2,0)+8114A(2,2)+5(321A(4,0)2210A(4,2)+730A(4,4)))001210(935A(2,0)3210A(2,2)+5(35A(4,0)214A(4,2)72A(4,4)))00
py001630(2721A(2,0)8114A(2,2)+5(321A(4,0)+2210A(4,2)+730A(4,4)))001210(935A(2,0)3210A(2,2)5(35A(4,0)+214A(4,2)72A(4,4)))0
pz00027A(2,0)+20A(4,0)152100635A(2,2)+2327A(4,2)

Table of several point groups

Return to Main page on Point Groups

Nonaxial groups C1 Cs Ci
Cn groups C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
Dn groups D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
Cnv groups C2v C3v C4v C5v C6v C7v C8v
Cnh groups C2h C3h C4h C5h C6h
Dnh groups D2h D3h D4h D5h D6h D7h D8h
Dnd groups D2d D3d D4d D5d D6d D7d D8d
Sn groups S2 S4 S6 S8 S10 S12
Cubic groups T Th Td O Oh I Ih
Linear groups Cv Dh

Print/export